形成 在巴基斯坦初创公司的法律结构
“启动” 一词用于描述一个新的商业风险, 企业家和/或公司和谐地结合他们的技能、想法和财政资源, 以产生更高回报的新的商业活动。事实上, 它可能会倾向于把 “启动” 现象在一个充满活力的创业文化的中心。
在巴基斯坦, “创业” 的趋势正在获得动力, � 为有创意的企业家正在寻求资金解决方案, 以创� 经济活动和新的收入来源。为 “启动” 设计一个法律结构是必要的, 如果它是可行的和功能性的。这种法律结构的目� �是双重的。首先, 要明确布局在 ‘ 启动 ‘ 伞下工作的各方的权利和义务。第二, 目的是维护他们的商业利益。从而确保了一个稳定的商业平台, 其中的� 纷可以避免, 债务的定义和风险可以减轻。
创业企业的法律结构主要取决于参与此类企业的各方的长期愿景, 以及正在进入的风险类型。巴基斯坦的初创企业可以通过以下方式进行结构调整:
注册合伙是进入创业企业最简单的方式。但是, 合伙人在合伙关系中的责任是连带的, 有� 个可能� 为其他合伙人的行为或遗漏而将任何一个或多个合伙人暴露于第三方负债。特别是在一个合伙人是投资者的情况下, 不干预风险的日常事务。
另一个可能在合伙结构中爆发的问题是在商业过程中创� 的任何知识产权 ("知识产权") 的权利。除非有相反的协议, 否则该 IP 由其创建者拥有。在初创企业的情况下, 通常同意以法人的名义将知识产权的所有权作为其名称。然而, 合伙的财产在合伙人中是共同和各自的。
� 此, 在任何争端或合伙解散的情况下, 关于知识产权所有权的争议变得可疑, 投资者的利益 (取决于投资的种类和程度) 受到损害。另一个可能在合伙解散的可能性中爆发的问题是 ip � �题的可分性, 特别是在 ip 尚未完全成熟或� 法在市场上出售的情况下, 很难得到它的价值。这种反常现象可以通过赋予投资者知识产权所有权的权利来涵盖, 在大多数情况下, 当事人之间可能� 法接受。
建立创业企业最理想的方式是组建有限责任公司。有限责任公司是一个独立法人, � 此, 新开发的知识产权的所有权可以很容易地归属于公司, 即使在股东和/或雇员之间达成必要协议 (视情况而论)。.
不过, 由于注册要求, 以及日后向监管机构提出的申请要求, 很多人不愿意成立有限责任公司, 可能会招致额外的间接开支。有限责任公司的间接费用可能包括特许会计师对其账目进行审计, 并将其作为强制性法定要求。
有限责任公司的另一优点是股权注入, 在组织中的后续投资者的权利和特权的变化。一所股份有限责任公司可能拥有不止一种股本, 并可能有不同种类的股票。股东在某种股本或教室中的权利和特权的变化可能包括表决权、表决权与所持股份的已缴价值不成比例的投票权、特定的表决权目的只是, � �本没有表决权, 不同的股息权利和成员可通过特别决议确定的其他权利。
创业公司从来没有被推荐为某一特定的企业与一组特定的人做特殊用途的车辆。然而, 如果一个初创企业打算与同一组人建立多个合资企业, 那么总是建议他们建立风险投资公司。
形成创业的有效方法 (针对某一特定的风险) 是进入合资企业或合作。合营企业或合作是部分可互换的条款, 基本上有细的区分线, 取决于双方之间要解决的条款和条件。在某一特定时间点或触发某一特定事件时, 建立合作或合资企业, 最终应在有限责任公司。
合营企业或合作协议可以是全面的, 足以纳入一个组织的内部系统和与知识产权归属有关的问题。在合营企业/合作协议中, 知识产权的权利可以分别归属合营企业和/或合作的名称, 一旦此类知识产权或最终产品 (如软件等) 出现, 合营企业将拥有相同的所有权/协作或随后的实体 i. e 有限责任公司。
Khalid Zafar Graduated in commerce from Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan and obtained his law degree from University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He has a diversified experience of over 21 years as a litigator and corporate lawyer and has worked with leading law firms including Cornelius, Lane & Mufti; Mandviwalla & Zafar; Surridge & Beecheno; and Hassan & Hassan in the years 1999 through 2012.
Ms. Aleena Waheed Hashmi obtained her graduation in Law from Punjab University Law College, Lahore and later pursued her Masters in Social Work. Ms. Waheed holds practicing license of Punjab Bar Association. The area of expertise is corporate, banking, commercial and transactional practice. Aleena is advising and providing legal services to the clients of her law firm and represents her law firm in all sorts of commercial, corporate and banking matters. Ms. Waheed has an ability and extensive experience of drafting more complex documents like persuasive briefs and motions that require comprehension of complicated fact patterns, analysis of numerous legal issues or questions of law and review of voluminous transcripts and records. With such a broad understanding of law, she has been able to better assist every client with her variety of activities.
Ms. Mahnoor Nazir graduated in law from Punjab University and has done her masters in English literature as well from Punjab University. She is a lawyer who specializes in problem-solving, legal writing and has expertise in civil and banking laws. With a thorough understanding of the law, she pays close attention to the problem solving of the firm’s client and device strategies for the success completion of transactions. She has also successfully served clients from all around Pakistan with a variety of legal concerns. Mahnoor competently represent the firm’s client in the court of law and prepare the case briefs successfully.
Hamza graduated from Punjab University Law College (PULC) and also holds a Masters degree in Political Science. He is a practicing member of Punjab Bar Association. He handles all the civil, banking and commercial litigation of the firm. Hamza has expertise in revenue and land matters and has been doing land records due diligence. He is handling the corporate matter like Intellectual Property Rights, registration of limited liability companies, partnership matters, trademarks and copyrights etc. Hamza is handling the transactional banking matters including but not limited to property opinions, structuring and execution of the transactions. He has legal acumen and skills for solving various kinds of legal propositions and issues successfully.